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  RECORD TYPE ......... SUBJECT FILE
  SUBJECT TYPE ........ ORG
  FILE OPENED ......... 2026-07-05 17:26 UTC
  APPEARANCES ......... 55 ANNOTATIONS
  KNOWN ALIASES ....... 2
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Annotated by ARGUS

National Library of Medicine (NLM)

ALSO APPEARS AS

NLM
National Library of Medicine (NLM)

APPEARS IN THE MARGINS OF

ACTIVE
Tuskegee Syphilis Study: Ethical Deliberations in USPHS Archival Materials
The United States Public Health Service (USPHS) Syphilis Study at Tuskegee, which withheld treatment from African American men with syphilis for decades, ended in 1972. In 2022, marking the 50th anniv…
ACTIVE
Tuskegee Syphilis Study: Mortality Audit Post-1972
The Tuskegee Syphilis Study, conducted by the United States Public Health Service (PHS) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) from 1932 to 1972, involved approximately 399 African A…
ACTIVE
Tuskegee Study: USPHS Internal Ethical Discussions (1945-1972)
The U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS) conducted the Untreated Syphilis Study at Tuskegee from 1932 to 1972, withholding treatment from Black men with syphilis to observe the disease's natural progres…
ACTIVE
Tuskegee Syphilis Study: Justification for Untreated Control Group Post-Penicillin Efficacy
The U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) conducted the Tuskegee Study of Untreated Syphilis in the Negro Male from 1932 to 1972, observing the na…
ACTIVE
Tuskegee Syphilis Study: Survival and Contents of Death Certificates, Medical Examiner Reports, and Autopsy Records
The U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS) Untreated Syphilis Study at Tuskegee, conducted from 1932 to 1972, involved observing the natural progression of untreated syphilis in African American men witho…
ACTIVE
USPHS Internal Dissent on Tuskegee Study Ethics (1950-1972)
This dossier investigates whether U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS) regional medical officers or field physicians filed memoranda or internal complaints regarding the ethical status of the Tuskegee S…
COLD
USPHS Internal Memos on Penicillin Use in Tuskegee Syphilis Study (1945-1950)
The U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS) conducted the Untreated Syphilis Study at Tuskegee from 1932 to 1972, observing the natural history of untreated syphilis in African American men. The study with…
ACTIVE
Tuskegee Syphilis Study: Orders to Withhold Penicillin Treatment
The Tuskegee Syphilis Study, conducted by the U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS) from 1932 to 1972, involved tracking the natural progression of untreated syphilis in African American men. Multiple so…
ACTIVE
USPHS Ethical Review and Policy Documents (1945-1950) for Long-Term Studies like Tuskegee
This dossier investigates whether declassified U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS) policy documents from 1945-1950 explicitly mention protocols for ongoing studies like the Tuskegee Syphilis Study, or …
ACTIVE
USPHS Untreated Syphilis Study at Tuskegee and the 1995 ACHRE Report
The U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS) conducted the Untreated Syphilis Study at Tuskegee from 1932 to 1972, observing the natural progression of syphilis in Black men without their informed consent a…
ACTIVE
Tuskegee Syphilis Study: Ethical Justification for Untreated Control Group Post-Penicillin
The Untreated Syphilis Study at Tuskegee, conducted by the U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS) from 1932 to 1972, involved observing the natural progression of untreated syphilis in African American me…
ACTIVE
Tuskegee Study: Justification for Withholding Penicillin Post-1943
The U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS) Untreated Syphilis Study at Tuskegee, conducted from 1932 to 1972, involved observing the natural progression of untreated syphilis in African American men, with…
ACTIVE
National Archives Finding Aid for Tuskegee Study Records (Record Group 090)
The U.S. National Archives (NARA) organizes permanent federal records into numbered Record Groups, with records of the Public Health Service (USPHS) falling under Record Group 90. While NARA provides …
ACTIVE
Tuskegee Syphilis Study: USPHS Internal Ethical Debates Post-1947 and Archival Records
The Tuskegee Study of Untreated Syphilis in the Negro Male, conducted by the United States Public Health Service (USPHS) from 1932 to 1972, involved observing the natural progression of untreated syph…
ACTIVE
Tuskegee Study: USPHS/CDC Internal Decision-Making and Treatment Protocols (1932-1972)
The U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS) conducted the Tuskegee Untreated Syphilis Study from 1932 to 1972, withholding treatment from hundreds of African American men diagnosed with syphilis to observe…
ACTIVE
Individuals in USPHS Named in NLM Archives for Tuskegee Ethical Discussions
The U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS) conducted the Untreated Syphilis Study at Tuskegee from 1932 to 1972, observing the natural history of untreated syphilis in African American men without their i…
ACTIVE
Tuskegee Study: USPHS Internal Ethical Objections (1943-1972)
The U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS) conducted the Untreated Syphilis Study at Tuskegee from 1932 to 1972, observing the natural progression of the disease in African American men without providing …
ACTIVE
Tuskegee Syphilis Study: NLM Document Release and Dissenting Opinions
In 2022, the National Library of Medicine (NLM) digitized and released a collection of over 3,000 documents related to the U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS) Untreated Syphilis Study at Tuskegee, whic…
ACTIVE
Tuskegee Study: Internal USPHS/CDC Debates and Ethical Reviews Post-Penicillin
The U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS) Untreated Syphilis Study at Tuskegee, conducted from 1932 to 1972, involved observing the progression of untreated syphilis in African American men without their…
ACTIVE
Tuskegee Syphilis Study: Internal Ethical Deliberations within USPHS (1932-1972)
The Tuskegee Syphilis Study, conducted by the U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS) from 1932 to 1972, involved observing the natural progression of untreated syphilis in African American men without the…
ACTIVE
Tuskegee Syphilis Study: Internal Warnings Before 1972
The U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS) Untreated Syphilis Study at Tuskegee, conducted from 1932 to 1972, involved observing the natural history of untreated syphilis in African American men without t…
ACTIVE
Tuskegee Syphilis Study: USPHS Leadership Debate on Ethical Implications (Newly Digitized Records)
The U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS) Untreated Syphilis Study at Tuskegee, conducted from 1932 to 1972, involved observing the progression of untreated syphilis in African American men without their…
ACTIVE
Tuskegee Institute's Awareness of USPHS Syphilis Study Ethics and Penicillin Implications
The U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS) Untreated Syphilis Study at Tuskegee, which began in 1932, involved monitoring African American men with syphilis without providing treatment for 40 years, endin…
ACTIVE
Tuskegee Study Internal Ethical Debates Pre-1972
The U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS) conducted a study on untreated syphilis in Black men at Tuskegee, Alabama, from 1932 to 1972 [1, 3]. This study, which withheld treatment from participants even …
COLD
Tuskegee Syphilis Study: Post-1945 Inquiries from Medical Boards or Ethics Committees
The U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS), in collaboration with the Tuskegee Institute, conducted a study on untreated syphilis in Black men from 1932 to 1972 [3]. Participants were often told they were…
ACTIVE
USPHS Record Group 090: Tuskegee Syphilis Study File Series Inventory
The U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS) Untreated Syphilis Study at Tuskegee, conducted from 1932 to 1972, is a widely documented historical event involving unethical research practices. Official insti…
ACTIVE
USPHS Internal Ethics and Consent Discussions Regarding Medical Studies (1945-1972)
This dossier investigates the existence of USPHS internal documents, such as memoranda or meeting minutes from 1945-1972, that explicitly discuss ethical considerations, informed consent, and justific…
ACTIVE
Academic Analysis of NLM 2022 Release on USPHS Ethical Considerations
This dossier investigates whether academic analyses have specifically examined the content of the National Library of Medicine's (NLM) 2022 release for new insights into internal U.S. Public Health Se…
ACTIVE
Tuskegee Syphilis Study: Ethical Review Post-Nuremberg Code
The U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS) conducted the Untreated Syphilis Study at Tuskegee from 1932 to 1972, observing the natural progression of syphilis in African American men without providing tre…
ACTIVE
Tuskegee Study: Mortality Statistics from USPHS/CDC (1932-1972)
The U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS) Untreated Syphilis Study at Tuskegee, conducted from 1932 to 1972, observed the natural progression of untreated syphilis in Black men without their informed con…
ACTIVE
Tuskegee Syphilis Study: Delineation of Syphilis-Related Deaths in Medical Records
The Untreated Syphilis Study at Tuskegee, conducted by the U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS) from 1932 to 1972, involved tracking African American men with syphilis without providing treatment, infor…
ACTIVE
Tuskegee Study: Quantifying Excess Mortality from Withheld Penicillin (1945-1972)
The U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS), in cooperation with the Tuskegee Institute, conducted a study from 1932 to 1972 on the natural history of untreated syphilis in African American men, without in…
ACTIVE
Tuskegee Syphilis Study: Documentation of Death Certificates, Autopsies, and Medical Examiner Reports
The U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS) Untreated Syphilis Study at Tuskegee, conducted from 1932 to 1972, involved observing the natural progression of syphilis in Black men without informed consent o…
ACTIVE
Tuskegee Study: Research on Participant Death Certificates and Autopsy Reports
The Untreated Syphilis Study at Tuskegee, conducted by the U.S. Public Health Service from 1932 to 1972, involved observing the natural progression of untreated syphilis in approximately 399 African A…
ACTIVE
Tuskegee Study Participants: External Syphilis Treatment Seeking Behavior (1945-1972)
The U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS) Untreated Syphilis Study at Tuskegee, conducted from 1932 to 1972, deliberately withheld treatment from African American participants to observe the natural hist…
ACTIVE
Tuskegee Syphilis Study: USPHS Internal Communications to Washington D.C.
The U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS) conducted a study on untreated syphilis in African American men in Tuskegee, Alabama, from 1932 to 1972 (Source 2). This 40-year study, initially known as the 'T…
ACTIVE
National Library of Medicine's Digitized Tuskegee Study Documents: Categories and Scope
The National Library of Medicine (NLM) has digitized and made publicly available over 3,000 documents related to the U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS) Untreated Syphilis Study at Tuskegee, 1932-1972 …
ACTIVE
Tuskegee Study: USPHS Official Discussions on Continuing Untreated Syphilis (1945-1972)
The Tuskegee Study of Untreated Syphilis in the Negro Male was conducted by the United States Public Health Service (USPHS) from 1932 to 1972 [1]. Participants were Black men who were not given penici…
ACTIVE
Tuskegee Syphilis Study: Correspondence on Participant Deaths and Withholding Treatment (1945-1972)
The U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS) conducted the Untreated Syphilis Study at Tuskegee from 1932 to 1972, observing the natural history of syphilis in African American men without their informed co…
COLD
National Library of Medicine Digitized Tuskegee Syphilis Study Documents: Post-1972 Mortality Data
The U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS) Untreated Syphilis Study at Tuskegee, conducted from 1932 to 1972, involved observing the natural progression of untreated syphilis in African American men. The …
ACTIVE
Tuskegee Syphilis Study: Efforts to Prevent Penicillin Treatment Outside the Study (1945-1972)
The Tuskegee Syphilis Study, conducted by the U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS) from 1932 to 1972, involved observing the natural progression of untreated syphilis in nearly 400 African American men.…
ACTIVE
Tuskegee Syphilis Study: Declassified Memos on Continuation and Penicillin Withholding (1947-1972)
The Tuskegee Study of Untreated Syphilis in the Negro Male was a 40-year study conducted by the United States Public Health Service (USPHS) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) fro…
ACTIVE
Tuskegee Syphilis Study: Post-Nuremberg Code Ethical Discussions within USPHS (1947-1972)
The U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS) conducted the Untreated Syphilis Study at Tuskegee from 1932 to 1972, observing the natural progression of syphilis in approximately 400 African American men wit…
ACTIVE
Tuskegee Study: Internal Ethical Concerns and USPHS Response (1932-1972)
The U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS) conducted the Untreated Syphilis Study at Tuskegee from 1932 to 1972, observing the natural progression of syphilis in approximately 400 African American men in …
ACTIVE
Tuskegee Syphilis Study: Internal Ethical Objections (1932-1972)
The U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS) conducted the Untreated Syphilis Study at Tuskegee from 1932 to 1972, observing the natural history of the disease in African American men without providing trea…
ACTIVE
USPHS Tuskegee Study Oral History Projects
The U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS) Untreated Syphilis Study at Tuskegee, conducted from 1932 to 1972, involved observing the natural progression of untreated syphilis in Black men without their in…
ACTIVE
Tuskegee Syphilis Study: Internal Ethical Discussions (1932-1972)
The U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS) Untreated Syphilis Study at Tuskegee, conducted from 1932 to 1972, involved observing the natural history of untreated syphilis in Black men without providing th…
ACTIVE
Tuskegee Syphilis Study: USPHS/CDC Chain of Command and Approval Process
The U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS) Untreated Syphilis Study at Tuskegee, conducted from 1932 to 1972, involved observing the natural history of untreated syphilis in African American men without t…
ACTIVE
Tuskegee Study: Ethical Objections from Non-Official Personnel
The U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS) conducted the Untreated Syphilis Study at Tuskegee from 1932 to 1972, enrolling approximately 600 African American men, many of whom were deliberately misinforme…
ACTIVE
USPHS Oral Histories: Ethical Concerns Regarding the Tuskegee Study (1950s-1970s)
This investigation explores the existence of oral histories or transcribed interviews with former U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS) field staff from the 1950s-1970s that specifically discuss personal…
ACTIVE
Tuskegee Syphilis Study: Internal Ethical Review and Oversight (1945-1972)
The U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS) conducted the Untreated Syphilis Study at Tuskegee from 1932 to 1972, observing the natural history of the disease in African American men without their informed…
ACTIVE
Tuskegee Study: Internal USPHS Questions on Methods
The U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS) Untreated Syphilis Study at Tuskegee, conducted from 1932 to 1972, involved observing the natural progression of syphilis in Black men without providing treatmen…
ACTIVE
Tuskegee Study: Internal USPHS Ethical Complaints (1950-1972)
The U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS) conducted a study on untreated syphilis in African American men in Tuskegee, Alabama, from 1932 to 1972. This study involved withholding treatment, even after pe…
ACTIVE
Tuskegee Syphilis Study: Internal Ethical Debates and Staff Testimonies
The U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS) Untreated Syphilis Study at Tuskegee, conducted from 1932 to 1972, involved observing the natural progression of syphilis in Black men without providing treatmen…
ACTIVE
Tuskegee Study: Staff Testimonies on Pre-1972 Ethical Concerns
The U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS) conducted the Untreated Syphilis Study at Tuskegee from 1932 to 1972, withholding treatment from Black men with syphilis to observe disease progression [1, 8]. T…