┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ RECORD TYPE ......... SUBJECT FILE SUBJECT TYPE ........ ORG FILE OPENED ......... 2026-07-05 17:21 UTC APPEARANCES ......... 92 ANNOTATIONS KNOWN ALIASES ....... 2 └──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
National Security Agency (NSA)
ALSO APPEARS AS
- NSA
- National Security Agency (NSA)
APPEARS IN THE MARGINS OF
- Church Committee Investigations into CIA-Media Relationships (1975-1976)
The Church Committee, formally known as the United States Senate Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities, was established in 1975 to investigate abuse…
- Journalist Recruitment Program Reviews (1970–1985) in NSA/CIA Archives
This investigation examines whether the National Security Agency (NSA) or Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) archives contain declassified reviews or post-action assessments of journalist recruitment p…
- Gulf of Tonkin Incident 1964: NSA Study Debunks Second Attack Claim
The Gulf of Tonkin incident occurred in August 1964 when USS Maddox allegedly encountered North Vietnamese patrol boats. The first engagement on August 2 is well-documented; the second attack claimed …
- North Vietnamese Military Archives on August 4, 1964 Gulf of Tonkin Patrol Boat Activity
The Gulf of Tonkin incident in August 1964 occurred when USS Maddox allegedly encountered North Vietnamese patrol boats. The August 2 engagement is well-documented and corroborated by both U.S. and la…
- Gulf of Tonkin Sonar and Radar Recordings: Chain of Custody, Analysis, and Document Preservation (1964–Present)
The Gulf of Tonkin incident of August 1964 consisted of two alleged naval engagements involving USS Maddox and the U.S. Navy in the Gulf of Tonkin, Vietnam. The first engagement on August 2 is well-do…
- Gulf of Tonkin Incident: NSA Declassified Intercepts and the August 4, 1964 Second Attack
The Gulf of Tonkin incident of August 1964 is the historical trigger for expanded U.S. military involvement in Vietnam. The first engagement on August 2, 1964, between USS Maddox and North Vietnamese …
- Tonkin Gulf Resolution 1964: Congressional Speed, Political Pressure, and Contemporaneous Doubt
The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution was passed by Congress on August 7, 1964, merely three days after the reported second attack on USS Maddox on August 4. The resolution granted President Lyndon B. Johnson…
- North Vietnamese Archives on Gulf of Tonkin Incident (August 1964)
The Gulf of Tonkin incident, occurring in August 1964, involved alleged naval engagements between the USS Maddox and North Vietnamese patrol boats. The first engagement on August 2 is largely undisput…
- LBJ/McNamara Briefings: Uncertainty on August 4 Gulf of Tonkin Attack
This dossier investigates whether President Lyndon B. Johnson and Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara received formal briefings from NSA signals analysts that indicated uncertainty about the alleged …
- State Department Dissent on Second Gulf of Tonkin Attack
The Gulf of Tonkin incident in August 1964 involved alleged attacks by North Vietnamese patrol boats on the USS Maddox. While the first engagement on August 2 is largely accepted, the occurrence of a …
- USS Maddox Sonar and Radar Recordings, August 2-4, 1964
On August 2, 1964, the USS Maddox was attacked by North Vietnamese torpedo boats in the Gulf of Tonkin while on an intelligence mission [1]. The USS Turner Joy joined the Maddox on August 2 and assist…
- North Vietnamese Accounts of the Second Gulf of Tonkin Incident (August 4, 1964)
The Gulf of Tonkin incident in August 1964 involved two alleged engagements between US Navy destroyers and North Vietnamese patrol boats. The first engagement on August 2 is widely documented as a gen…
- Congressional Intelligence Briefings on Gulf of Tonkin Second Attack (August 1964)
This dossier investigates the specific intelligence briefings provided to the U.S. Congress between August 4 and August 7, 1964, following the alleged second attack in the Gulf of Tonkin. The primary …
- NSA Intelligence on Gulf of Tonkin Attack: Real-Time vs. Retrospective Analysis
The Gulf of Tonkin incident in August 1964 involved two alleged naval engagements between the USS Maddox and North Vietnamese torpedo boats. The first engagement on August 2, 1964, is widely accepted …
- Federal Agencies' Purchase of Commercial Location Data (2016-2024)
Multiple U.S. federal agencies, including Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) and Customs and Border Protection (CBP), have purchased commercially available location data from third-party data b…
- CIA and NSA Analyst Doubts Regarding Second Gulf of Tonkin Incident
The Gulf of Tonkin incidents, particularly the alleged second attack on August 4, 1964, were cited as justification for the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, which significantly escalated U.S. involvement in…
- NSA 2005 Gulf of Tonkin Declassification: Missing Sonar/Radar Appendix
In December 2005, the National Security Agency (NSA) declassified over 140 top-secret documents concerning the August 1964 Gulf of Tonkin incident, including a controversial historical article by NSA …
- NSA and Navy SIGINT Analysis of August 4, 1964 Gulf of Tonkin Incident
The Gulf of Tonkin Incident in August 1964 involved alleged naval confrontations between the U.S. Navy and North Vietnamese forces, leading to significant escalation of U.S. involvement in the Vietnam…
- Unreleased NSA Intercepts of North Vietnamese Communications (August 4-5, 1964)
The Gulf of Tonkin incident, particularly the alleged second attack on August 4, 1964, was a pivotal event that led to the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution and a significant escalation of U.S. involvement in…
- Church Committee Investigation of Journalists as CIA Assets
The Church Committee, formally the United States Senate Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities, investigated abuses by U.S. intelligence agencies in …
- FOIA Requests on Media Liaison Programs (1970-1985)
This dossier investigates whether specific Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) requests have targeted 'reviews of media liaison programs' or 'post-action assessments of journalist engagements' by the NS…
- Epstein Financial Links to Intelligence Agencies: Declassified Records Review
The public record currently lacks specific, declassified financial records directly linking Jeffrey Epstein's accounts or transfers to known intelligence agency budgets or operations. While recently d…
- Church Committee Reforms: Intelligence Agencies and Journalists
The Church Committee, formally the United States Senate Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities, was established in 1975 to investigate abuses by US i…
- NSA Intelligence on Soviet and Chinese Behavioral Modification Programs
This dossier investigates whether declassified National Security Agency (NSA) documents or internal histories describe intelligence collection or analysis related to Soviet or Chinese behavioral modif…
- Church Committee Documents: Redactions and Journalist Asset Relationships
The Church Committee, formally the United States Senate Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities, conducted an extensive investigation into U.S. intell…
- Cicada 3301: Recruitment Puzzle Conspiracy Theories
Cicada 3301 refers to a series of complex internet puzzles published anonymously on three occasions between 2012 and 2014, with some sources claiming six occasions since 2012. These puzzles, which com…
- SAPOC Records Classification and Declassification for UAP Programs
The classification and declassification of Special Access Program Oversight Committee (SAPOC) records related to Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena (UAP) programs is a complex and contested area. While …
- Intelligence Agency Assessments of Foreign Weapons Capabilities
This dossier investigates which U.S. intelligence agencies are consistently attributed with strong or distinct assessments of foreign weapons capabilities, particularly Weapons of Mass Destruction (WM…
- Intelligence Community Reassessment of Foreign Directed-Energy Weapon Hypothesis (Post-March 2023)
This dossier investigates the specific classified technical or signals intelligence indicators that reportedly led two U.S. Intelligence Community (IC) components to reassess the foreign directed-ener…
- US Intelligence Analysis of North Vietnamese Orders for August 4, 1964 Gulf of Tonkin Incident
The Gulf of Tonkin incident in August 1964 involved alleged attacks by North Vietnamese patrol boats on U.S. Navy destroyers. While the first engagement on August 2 is largely undisputed, the occurren…
- NSA Declassifications and Misattribution in Gulf of Tonkin After 1968
The Gulf of Tonkin Incident in August 1964, particularly the alleged second attack on August 4, has been a subject of historical scrutiny and declassification efforts. An NSA study in 2001 reportedly …
- USS Maddox Sonar and Radar Recordings from Gulf of Tonkin Incidents (August 1964)
The Gulf of Tonkin incident involved alleged attacks on the USS Maddox and USS Turner Joy in August 1964, which served as a significant justification for the escalation of U.S. involvement in the Viet…
- USS Maddox and Turner Joy Radar Operators' Statements on August 4, 1964
On August 2, 1964, the USS Maddox was attacked by North Vietnamese patrol boats in the Gulf of Tonkin, an event that is widely documented and verified (Source 1, 8). Two days later, on August 4, 1964,…
- North Vietnamese Official Accounts of August 4, 1964, Gulf of Tonkin Incident
The Gulf of Tonkin incident, occurring in August 1964, involved alleged attacks by North Vietnamese torpedo boats on U.S. destroyers USS Maddox and USS Turner Joy. While the initial engagement on Augu…
- Gulf of Tonkin Incident: Meteorological and Sea State Conditions on August 4, 1964
The Gulf of Tonkin incident, occurring in August 1964, significantly escalated U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War. While the initial engagement on August 2 is largely undisputed, the second alleged a…
- NSA and CIA Analysts in Gulf of Tonkin August 1964 Signals Intelligence Assessment
The Gulf of Tonkin incident in August 1964, particularly the alleged second attack on August 4, 1964, was a pivotal event that significantly escalated U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War. Contemporary…
- NSA, Navy, DoD Investigations of Gulf of Tonkin Sonar/Radar Discrepancies (1960s-1970s)
The Gulf of Tonkin Incident in August 1964, particularly the alleged second attack on August 4, has been a subject of historical debate. While the first attack on August 2 is largely accepted as havin…
- Gulf of Tonkin Incident: Declassified NSA Communications and North Vietnamese Salvage Operations (August 1964)
The Gulf of Tonkin Incident, spanning August 2-4, 1964, refers to alleged naval engagements between U.S. destroyers and North Vietnamese forces, which became a pivotal justification for increased U.S.…
- Gulf of Tonkin Second Incident: Post-1968 Reviews of Misattribution Discussions
The claim that the second Gulf of Tonkin incident in August 1964 was misattributed or fabricated is a significant point of contention in the historical record of the Vietnam War. While some sources as…
- USS Maddox Sonar and Radar Recordings: Destruction and Authorization (August 1964)
The Gulf of Tonkin incident involved two alleged naval engagements in August 1964. The first, on August 2, 1964, saw North Vietnamese patrol boats attack the USS Maddox, an event that is widely accept…
- North Vietnamese Naval Orders for August 4, 1964 Gulf of Tonkin Incident
The Gulf of Tonkin Incident, a pivotal event in the escalation of the Vietnam War, involved alleged naval engagements between the USS Maddox and North Vietnamese forces in August 1964. While the attac…
- North Vietnamese Patrol Boat Logs from August 4, 1964
The Gulf of Tonkin Incident in August 1964 involved alleged attacks by North Vietnamese patrol boats on U.S. Navy destroyers, specifically the USS Maddox. While the engagement on August 2, 1964, is co…
- Gulf of Tonkin Incident: Declassified Sonar Data from Second Alleged Attack (1964)
The Gulf of Tonkin incident in August 1964 served as a pivotal justification for increased U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War. While the first naval engagement on August 2, 1964, is widely accepted a…
- Gulf of Tonkin Incident: Alleged Suppression of Dissenting Intelligence Assessments
The Gulf of Tonkin Incident in August 1964 served as a critical justification for increased U.S. involvement in Vietnam. While the first engagement on August 2 is widely accepted as having occurred, t…
- CIA Retrospective Analysis of Gulf of Tonkin Intelligence (Post-1975)
The Gulf of Tonkin incident, particularly the alleged second attack on August 4, 1964, was a pivotal event that led to increased U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War. While a 2005 declassified internal…
- USS Maddox and USS Turner Joy Sonar/Radar Records (August 4, 1964)
The Gulf of Tonkin incident involved alleged engagements between U.S. Navy destroyers USS Maddox and USS Turner Joy and North Vietnamese patrol boats in August 1964. While the August 2 incident involv…
- North Vietnamese Primary Sources on August 4, 1964 Naval Activities
The Gulf of Tonkin Incident, particularly the alleged second attack on August 4, 1964, was a pivotal event leading to increased U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War. While U.S. intelligence documents, …
- McNamara-Stuart Exchange: 1968 Gulf of Tonkin Testimony on Second Attack Evidence
In February 1968, then-retiring Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara testified before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee regarding the Gulf of Tonkin incidents of August 1964. During this testimon…
- Gulf of Tonkin SIGINT Analysts: Disciplinary Actions or Commendations Aftermath
The Gulf of Tonkin incidents in August 1964, particularly the alleged second attack on August 4, were used as a primary justification for the escalation of U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War. Subsequ…
- State Department Doubts on Gulf of Tonkin Second Attack (1964-1965)
The Gulf of Tonkin incident, particularly the alleged second attack on August 4, 1964, remains a controversial event that significantly escalated U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War. While the initial…
- State Department INR Gulf of Tonkin Analyses: Revisions and Retractions
The Gulf of Tonkin incidents in August 1964 led to the passage of the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, authorizing increased U.S. military involvement in Vietnam. While the U.S. government initially asserte…
- US Military Intelligence on Soviet Scientist Recruitment (May-Sept 1945)
Between May and September 1945, at the conclusion of World War II in Europe, both the United States and the Soviet Union engaged in efforts to recruit German scientists and acquire German scientific a…
- Robert J. Hanyok's NSA Gulf of Tonkin Article: Post-1968 Participant Statements
In 2005, the National Security Agency (NSA) declassified an article by its historian, Robert J. Hanyok, concerning the 1964 Gulf of Tonkin incident. Hanyok's study concluded that the alleged second at…
- North Vietnamese Official Reports on Gulf of Tonkin Incidents (August 1964)
The Gulf of Tonkin incidents, occurring on August 2 and August 4, 1964, were pivotal events leading to increased U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War. The first incident on August 2, involving the USS …
- Gulf of Tonkin Incident: Post-1968 NSC/JIB Knowledge of Misattribution
The Gulf of Tonkin incident, particularly the alleged second attack on August 4, 1964, was a pivotal event that escalated U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War. Decades later, declassified documents, in…
- Digital National Security Archive Holdings: Gulf of Tonkin and CIA Vietnam Assessments
The Digital National Security Archive (DNSA) is a significant online collection of declassified U.S. government documents, primarily focusing on U.S. foreign policy and national security. Several coll…
- Gulf of Tonkin Incident: Declassified Orders for Sonar/Radar Tape Destruction (1964-1970)
The Gulf of Tonkin incident in August 1964 was a pivotal event that escalated U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War. While the first alleged attack on August 2, 1964, is largely documented, the occurren…
- USS Turner Joy: Detailed Radar and Sonar Data from Gulf of Tonkin Incident
The Gulf of Tonkin incident, particularly the alleged second attack on August 4, 1964, has been a subject of historical debate. Initial reports from the USS Turner Joy and USS Maddox claimed hostile r…
- NSA and Navy SIGINT Reports on August 4, 1964 Gulf of Tonkin Incident (1964-2005)
This dossier investigates the specific signals intelligence (SIGINT) reports and analytical summaries generated by the NSA and Navy concerning the alleged August 4, 1964, Gulf of Tonkin incident. The …
- Gulf of Tonkin Incident: FOIA Requests for Comprehensive Sonar and Radar Tape Inventory
The Gulf of Tonkin incidents in August 1964 were pivotal in the escalation of U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War. While the first naval engagement on August 2 is largely uncontested, the alleged seco…
- NSA Declassification Criteria for Historical Signals Intelligence on Gulf of Tonkin
The Gulf of Tonkin incident in August 1964, particularly the alleged second attack on August 4, has been a subject of ongoing debate and declassification efforts. The National Security Agency (NSA) pl…
- Robert McNamara's Alleged 2003 Gulf of Tonkin Admission
The claim that former Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara admitted in 2003 that the August 4, 1964, Gulf of Tonkin incident did not occur is widely circulated in public discourse, particularly in onl…
- NSA 2005 Gulf of Tonkin Declassification Critique: Absence of Sonar/Radar Tape Inventory
In 2005, the National Security Agency (NSA) declassified a significant internal study concerning the 1964 Gulf of Tonkin incident, which concluded that the alleged second attack on August 4, 1964, lik…
- US Naval Sonar and Radar Data in Gulf of Tonkin (August 1964) and Archiving Procedures
The Gulf of Tonkin incidents in August 1964 involved US naval vessels, primarily the USS Maddox, conducting DESOTO patrols to collect signals intelligence near North Vietnam. During these patrols, the…
- NSA Intercepts August 4-5, 1964: Classification Status Post-Declassification Reviews
The Gulf of Tonkin incident, particularly the alleged second attack on August 4, 1964, was a pivotal event leading to significant U.S. escalation in the Vietnam War. Questions surrounding the veracity…
- Gulf of Tonkin Incident: North Vietnamese Primary Sources and Perspectives on August 4, 1964
The Gulf of Tonkin incident, occurring in August 1964, involved two alleged naval engagements between the U.S. Navy and North Vietnamese forces. While the August 2 engagement is widely acknowledged as…
- Gulf of Tonkin Incident 1964: Radar Personnel Dissent and Declassified Records
The Gulf of Tonkin incident, particularly the alleged second attack on August 4, 1964, was a pivotal event used to escalate U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War. While initial U.S. government reports c…
- USS Turner Joy Radar/Sonar Contacts August 4, 1964: Navy Technical Validity Investigations
The Gulf of Tonkin incident of August 4, 1964, involved reports from the USS Maddox and USS Turner Joy of a second attack by North Vietnamese forces, characterized by radar and sonar contacts. These r…
- NSA FOIA Requests for August 1964 Gulf of Tonkin Intercepts
The Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) allows public access to federal government records, with certain exemptions [6]. The National Security Agency (NSA) receives numerous FOIA requests annually [2]. …
- Gulf of Tonkin August 4th Sonar and Radar Tapes: Internal Disagreements and Alternative Interpretations
The Gulf of Tonkin incident in August 1964 involved alleged attacks on US Navy destroyers by North Vietnamese patrol boats. While the first attack on August 2 is largely undisputed, the second alleged…
- NSA Declassification Process: Raw Data Inclusion/Omission Decisions (2005)
The process of declassification for U.S. government documents is governed by Executive Order 13,526, with agencies like the NSA and NARA playing key roles in reviewing and releasing records. In 2005, …
- USS Turner Joy: Technical Analysis of Radar Anomalies (August 4, 1964)
The Gulf of Tonkin incident of August 1964 involved alleged attacks on U.S. Navy destroyers in the Gulf of Tonkin. While the initial engagement on August 2 is largely undisputed, the second alleged at…
- NSA Intercepts August 4-5, 1964: Inventory of Declassified and Classified Records
This investigation concerns the existence of a comprehensive, publicly available inventory of all National Security Agency (NSA) intercepts collected during August 4-5, 1964, specifically indicating w…
- McNamara's Insufficiency Assessment of August 4 Gulf of Tonkin Report and Subsequent Actions
The Gulf of Tonkin incident, specifically the alleged second attack on August 4, 1964, was a pivotal event leading to deeper U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War. Secretary of Defense Robert S. McNamar…
- SIGINT and Radar Data Analysis Process for Gulf of Tonkin Incident (August 4, 1964)
The Gulf of Tonkin incident, particularly the alleged second attack on August 4, 1964, remains a subject of historical scrutiny regarding the intelligence used to justify U.S. escalation in Vietnam. W…
- NSA and Navy Historical Reviews of Gulf of Tonkin Radar and Sonar Tapes (1964-2005)
This dossier investigates the existence and content of internal NSA or Navy historical reviews conducted between 1964 and 2005 concerning the analysis of radar and sonar tapes from the August 4, 1964,…
- NSA 2005 Declassification Scope and Limitations on Raw Technical Intelligence
The scope and limitations of the National Security Agency's (NSA) 2005 declassification of raw technical intelligence data remain an area of interest and discussion. While official declassification in…
- Gulf of Tonkin Incident: 'Wrongly Interpreted NSA Communications Intercepts' and the August 4 Incident
Historical accounts of the August 4, 1964, Gulf of Tonkin incident frequently cite 'wrongly interpreted National Security Agency communications intercepts' as a key factor in the U.S. government's ass…
- Gulf of Tonkin August 4, 1964, Environmental Conditions and Sonar Performance
The Gulf of Tonkin Incident on August 4, 1964, involved alleged attacks on US Navy destroyers, which were subsequently used to justify the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution. During the alleged engagement, the…
- Congressional Doubt on Second Gulf of Tonkin Attack (August 1964)
The Gulf of Tonkin incident in August 1964, particularly the alleged 'second attack,' served as a key justification for the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, which expanded U.S. involvement in Vietnam. While…
- Gulf of Tonkin Second Attack: Intelligence Presented to Congress and Caveats
The Gulf of Tonkin incident in August 1964, particularly the alleged second attack on August 4, became a pivotal event leading to increased US involvement in the Vietnam War. While the first attack on…
- Gulf of Tonkin Incident: Radar/Sonar Interpretation vs. Retrospective SIGINT Analysis
The Gulf of Tonkin Incident, particularly the alleged second attack on August 4, 1964, was a pivotal event that escalated U.S. involvement in Vietnam. Immediately following the alleged incident, offic…
- NSA Internal Review of Hanyok's Gulf of Tonkin Conclusions
This dossier investigates the internal NSA review process that led to historian Robert Hanyok's conclusions regarding the Gulf of Tonkin incident. Hanyok's 2001 article, "Skunks, Bogies, Silent Hounds…
- NSA Analysts' Dissenting Intelligence on Gulf of Tonkin Incident (August 1964)
The Gulf of Tonkin incident in August 1964 involved two alleged naval engagements between the USS Maddox and North Vietnamese patrol boats. While the first attack on August 2 is verified, the occurren…
- Executive Branch Discussions on Vietnam Resolution Pre-Gulf of Tonkin (1964)
This dossier investigates the extent of executive branch discussions concerning a broader resolution for U.S. involvement in Vietnam prior to the August 1964 Gulf of Tonkin incidents. Public records i…
- Congressional Intelligence Briefings on Second Gulf of Tonkin Incident (August 1964)
The Gulf of Tonkin incident involved alleged attacks on U.S. Navy destroyers in August 1964, serving as a key justification for the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution and increased U.S. involvement in the Viet…
- NSA Real-Time SIGINT Reports on Gulf of Tonkin Second Attack (August 4, 1964)
On August 4, 1964, U.S. Navy destroyers reported being under attack by North Vietnamese vessels in the Gulf of Tonkin, leading to immediate real-time SIGINT (Signals Intelligence) reports by NSA analy…
- NSA SIGINT Misrepresentation in the Gulf of Tonkin Incident: Hanyok's Findings
This dossier investigates the claims surrounding the alleged misrepresentation of SIGINT (Signals Intelligence) during the Gulf of Tonkin incidents in August 1964. Robert J. Hanyok, an NSA historian, …
- Gulf of Tonkin Incident: Dissent within Intelligence Community on Second Attack Certainty
The Gulf of Tonkin incident in August 1964 was a pivotal event leading to the escalation of U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War. President Lyndon Johnson announced that U.S. ships had been attacked tw…
- Church Committee Findings on Informants and Violent Deaths in COINTELPRO
The Church Committee, formally the United States Senate Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities, was established in 1975 to investigate abuses by U.S.…
- Church Committee Investigation: Completeness of COINTELPRO Public Record
The Church Committee, formally the United States Senate Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities, was established in 1975 to investigate abuses by U.S.…
- Korean War US-Commanded Partisans and Intelligence Operatives: Declassified Records and Treatment
This dossier investigates the existence of declassified records and oral histories pertaining to Korean individuals who served as partisans or intelligence operatives under US command during the Korea…